This is a limitation because it considers how the WMM is unable to convey the full process of memory. a temporary store for information that integrates visual,spatial and verbal information processed by the other stores into a single memory and maintains a sense of time sequencing.It also links working memory to LTM and wider cognitive processes such as perception.Ĭlinical evidence- Shallice and Warrington (1970) carried out a case study on patient KF who had brain damage.The patient had poor STM ability and struggled to process auditory material presented verbally but could process visual information presented visually.This suggests that his phonological loop had been damaged leaving the other areas of memory intact thus supporting the existence of a separate visual and acoustic store which are present in the WMM called the phonological loop and the visuo-spatail sketchpadĬonstricted to only STM-There is no explanation of LTM so therefore it is not a complete accurate model of memory,so has limited application into the everyday processes of human memory. – has two subdivisions: the visual cache which stores visual data and the inner scribe which records the arrangements of objects in the visual field The episodic buffer: It has two subdivisions: the phonological store which stores words you hear and the articulatory process which allows maintenance rehearsal (inner voice). – preserves the order in which information arrives. has a very limited processing capacity so is unable to store data. directs attention to a specific slave system. Information processing in this system is thought to involve three major processes. coordinates the activities of the 3 slave subsystems in memory. Attention also plays an important role in the visuospatial sketchpad. is concerned with part of the brain that is active when we are temporarily storing and manipulating information Central executive: explains how short term memory is organised and functions It is considered a limited-capacity system that provides temporary storage of information by conjoining information from the subsidiary systems, and long-term memory, into a single episodic representation.The working memory model -A-Level Psychology The working memory model: The third slave system was designated as episodic buffer. In research, it has been found that the visuo-spatial sketchpad can work simultaneously with the phonological loop to process both auditory and visual stimuli without either of the. Ī fourth component of Baddeley's model was added 25 years later to complement the central executive system. The visuo-spatial sketchpad is thought to be its own storage of working memory in that it does not interfere with the short term processes of the phonological loop. In contrast, when a person tries to carry out two tasks simultaneously that use the same perceptual domain, performance is less efficient than when performing the tasks individually. The visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSSP) is part of the short-term memory that handles non-linguistic visual information and spatial data. An experiment that uses an interference paradigm is used to investigate coding processes in the visuo-spatial sketchpad. a visual and a verbal task) is nearly as efficient as performance of the tasks individually. Performance of two simultaneous tasks requiring the use of two separate perceptual domains (i.e. Both the slave systems only function as short-term storage centers.īaddeley & Hitch's argument for the distinction of two domain-specific slave systems in the older model was derived from experimental findings with dual-task paradigms. The phonological loop stores verbal content, whereas the visuo-spatial sketchpad caters to visuo-spatial data. The original model of Baddeley & Hitch was composed of three main components: the central executive which acts as a supervisory system and controls the flow of information from and to its slave systems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. However, alternative models are developing, providing a different perspective on the working memory system. This model is later expanded upon by Baddeley and other co-workers to add a fourth component, and has become the dominant view in the field of working memory. Baddeley & Hitch proposed their three-part working memory model as an alternative to the short-term store in Atkinson & Shiffrin's 'multi-store' memory model (1968).
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